本系列教材定位于大学本科层次的专门用途英语。涉及的专业领域有：银行业、商业、环境科学、管理学、机械工程、医药、信息与通讯技术、语言学、法律、心理学、公关关系、旅游饭店等。通过本系列教材的学习，学生能够能够听懂、读懂英文写就的各专业材料，并能用英语准确说出、写出相关专业语篇。
BOOKMAP
1 WHATISPSYCHOLOGY？
2 BRANCHESOFPSYCHOLOGY
3 PSYCHOLOGYINPRACTICE
4 PSYCHOLOGYANDCOMPUTERS
5 DREAMSAND PERSONALITY
6 VYGOTSKYANDPIAGET：THOUGHTANDLANGUAGE
7 MEMORY
8 MENTALDISORDERS：POPULARMYTHS
9 PERSONALITY
10 MODERNADDICTIONS
11 PARAPSYCHOLOGY
12 WITHTHEFUTUREINMIND
ADDITIONALMATERIAL
TRANSCRIPTS
ADDITIONALTRANSLATIONEXERCISE
WORDLIST
Which approach to human behaviour is more relevant to current professional practice：process or person？ Since the mid-19th century, two contrasting approaches to understanding the mind and behaviour have been a topic of discussion：the scientific, or process approach, and the introspective, or person approach.The debate is important because it affects research methods and professional practice and, in the long term, commercial, medical and social progress.A review of these approaches will allow us to reach our own conclusions.The process approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour.This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.The process approach is founded on Pavlov's well-known research into stimulus and response, and supported by Watson, when he formulated the principles of behaviourism in 1913 （Gross, 2007）.These include：complete scientific objectivity; the predictability and controllability ofbehaviour; and similarities between human and animal behaviour.It has been argued, however, that this last principle fails to take into account the existence of consciousness or selfawareness in humans.Countering this criticism, Watson maintained that introspection was subjective, unreliable as a data source and, therefore, unscientific.In the late 19th century, John Dewey highlighted another limitation of the stimulus-response theory （Benjafield, 1996）.Dewey pointed out that, depending on their situation and intention, human beings will respond differently to a similar stimulus, unlike animals, which have a limited range of responses.For example, if we see a child crying and alone in public, we will probably assume that he or she is lost, and look for its mother.On the other hand, when we see a child crying and with its mother, we do nothing.Our responses are determined not only by the stimulus, but also by the social context.By relating behaviour to social context, Dewey foreshadowed social-constructivist theories which form part of the personapproach.The person approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour.This approach is supported by the psychodynamic, humanist and social-constructivist theories.For instance, Freud claimed that dreams were the gateway to our unconscious and that relating and interpreting them was a valid means of understanding our inner life.According to the humanist, Carl Rogers, self-awareness is at the centre of our human experience and each individual's unique interpretation of reality is valid.Social constructivism looks beyond individual experience and explains behaviour as a fluid interaction between the person and a continuously changing society.The main argument against the validity of all theories supporting the person approach is that any data based on reported experience is necessarily subjective and, therefore, unverifiable.
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